Too secure to fail? Anti-corruption policies in the Port of Antwerp-Bruges

Abstract

In response to rising cocaine seizures, drug-related violence, and evidence of corruption in Belgium, policymakers have strengthened maritime security measures in the Port of Antwerp-Bruges to address organised drug crime. However, corruption is not merely an enabler of such crime, but a phenomenon embedded within it.

This article draws on a 2013 assessment of the port, a literature review, and 23 expert interviews. It explores current anti-corruption efforts in the port over the past decade through five key pillars: clearly defined roles within multidisciplinary collaboration, political support, evidence-based policymaking, a long-term focus, and the flexibility to address emerging threats. The analysis highlights the motivations, objectives, and challenges of involved actors, with particular attention to recent policy shifts.

Despite growing awareness, current measures remain largely focused on visible deterrence such as screening, port bans or technological tools, while overlooking the social, administrative and political dimensions of corruption. Addressing corruption requires moving beyond fragmented, short-term responses towards an integrity-based strategy that engages both public and private actors willing and able to drive organisational change. Pursuing the total eradication of corruption would be overambitious and risk undermining efficiency. Instead, progress should rest on shared responsibility, trust and sustained monitoring to prevent integrity fatigue. Belgium’s advocacy for expanding the ISPS Code and the establishment of a National Drugs Agency offer opportunities for a more integrated approach.